This article describes a technique that takes input from a form text field and uses it to bring matching options to the top in a dropdown list

Have you ever hit a dropdown box that was just too long?

There were so many items that finding the one you wanted was a hassle.

You hit the first letter of the option you were looking for, only to find that there are at least 50 options starting with that letter

- or worse, the list wasn't sorted alphabetically and you had to type the letter 20 times to get to your option.

Maybe the option you wanted was phrased differently than you expected. It didn't even start with the letter you were typing!

Sound familliar? Well, there are a couple of solutions.

One way around this problem is to stage your dropdown boxes;

what you choose in box 1 determines your options in box 2, etc.

Joe's article,

Creating Dynamic Select Boxes

, describes how this can be done using ColdFusion, JavaScript and WDDX. (if there is sufficient interest, I'll throw together an article that presents a Javascript-only method)

This is often a great way to reduce cumbersome lists into managable chunks.

However this technique is based on the assumption that your visitors understand the way you've categorised the options.

Take for example a simple dropdown list of countries. In the past, I've found my beloved Australia under categories such as "Asia", "Pacific", "South Pacific", and, "Oceania". Searching for options this way can be a bit hit and miss.

Another solution to the "long list" problem is to allow your visitor to make their option magically rise to the top of the list...

Search:

AFGHANISTANALBANIAALGERIAAMERICAN SAMOAANDORRAANGOLAANGUILLAANTARCTICAANTIGUA AND BARBUDAARGENTINAARMENIAARUBAAUSTRALIAAUSTRIAAZERBAIJANBAHAMASBAHRAINBANGLADESHBARBADOSBELARUSBELGIUMBELIZEBENINBERMUDABHUTANBOLIVIABOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINABOTSWANABOUVET ISLANDBRAZILBRITISH INDIAN OCEAN TERRITORYBRUNEI DARUSSALAMBULGARIABURKINA FASOBURUNDICAMBODIACAMEROONCANADACAPE VERDECAYMAN ISLANDSCENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLICCHADCHILECHINACHRISTMAS ISLANDCOCOS (KEELING) ISLANDSCOLOMBIACOMOROSCONGOCONGO, THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THECOOK ISLANDSCOSTA RICACOTE D'IVOIRECROATIACUBACYPRUSCZECH REPUBLICDENMARKDJIBOUTIDOMINICADOMINICAN REPUBLICEAST TIMORECUADOREGYPTEL SALVADOREQUATORIAL GUINEAERITREAESTONIAETHIOPIAFALKLAND ISLANDS (MALVINAS)FAROE ISLANDSFIJIFINLANDFRANCEFRENCH GUIANAFRENCH POLYNESIAFRENCH SOUTHERN TERRITORIESGABONGAMBIAGEORGIAGERMANYGHANAGIBRALTARGREECEGREENLANDGRENADAGUADELOUPEGUAMGUATEMALAGUINEAGUINEA-BISSAUGUYANAHAITIHEARD ISLAND AND MCDONALD ISLANDSHOLY SEE (VATICAN CITY STATE)HONDURASHONG KONGHUNGARYICELANDINDIAINDONESIA"IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF"IRAQIRELANDISRAELITALYJAMAICAJAPANJORDANKAZAKSTANKENYAKIRIBATIKOREA, DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OFKOREA, REPUBLIC OFKUWAITKYRGYZSTANLAO PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLICLATVIALEBANONLESOTHOLIBERIALIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYALIECHTENSTEINLITHUANIALUXEMBOURGMACAUMACEDONIA, THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OFMADAGASCARMALAWIMALAYSIAMALDIVESMALIMALTAMARSHALL ISLANDSMARTINIQUEMAURITANIAMAURITIUSMAYOTTEMEXICOMICRONESIA, FEDERATED STATES OFMOLDOVA, REPUBLIC OFMONACOMONGOLIAMONTSERRATMOROCCOMOZAMBIQUEMYANMARNAMIBIANAURUNEPALNETHERLANDSNETHERLANDS ANTILLESNEW CALEDONIANEW ZEALANDNICARAGUANIGERNIGERIANIUENORFOLK ISLANDNORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDSNORWAYOMANPAKISTANPALAUPALESTINIAN TERRITORY, OCCUPIEDPANAMAPAPUA NEW GUINEAPARAGUAYPERUPHILIPPINESPITCAIRNPOLANDPORTUGALPUERTO RICOQATARREUNIONROMANIARUSSIAN FEDERATIONRWANDASAINT HELENASAINT KITTS AND NEVISSAINT LUCIASAINT PIERRE AND MIQUELONSAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINESSAMOASAN MARINOSAO TOME AND PRINCIPESAUDI ARABIASENEGALSEYCHELLESSIERRA LEONESINGAPORESLOVAKIASLOVENIASOLOMON ISLANDSSOMALIASOUTH AFRICASOUTH GEORGIA AND THE SOUTH SANDWICH ISLANDSSPAINSRI LANKASUDANSURINAMESVALBARD AND JAN MAYENSWAZILANDSWEDENSWITZERLANDSYRIAN ARAB REPUBLICTAIWANTAJIKISTANTANZANIA, UNITED REPUBLIC OFTHAILANDTOGOTOKELAUTONGATRINIDAD AND TOBAGOTUNISIATURKEYTURKMENISTANTURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDSTUVALUUGANDAUKRAINEUNITED ARAB EMIRATESUNITED KINGDOMUNITED STATESUNITED STATES MINOR OUTLYING ISLANDSURUGUAYUZBEKISTANVANUATUVENEZUELAVIET NAMVIRGIN ISLANDS, BRITISHVIRGIN ISLANDS, U.S.WALLIS AND FUTUNAWESTERN SAHARAYEMENYUGOSLAVIAZAMBIAZIMBABWE

The Code

For those who are in a hurry (or who are already sick of reading), here is the code with ample comments:

<html>
<head>
	<title>Dropdown Filter</title>
</head>
<body>
<script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
<!--
/*
  - Give Credit Where Its Due -
  Please acknowledge this article and its author, at
  least in code comments, when using this code.
  Author: Justin Whitford
  Source: www.evolt.org
  Thank you.
*/
/*
  filtery(pattern, list)
  pattern: a string of zero or more characters by which to filter the list
  list: reference to a form object of type, select
  Example:
  <form name="yourForm">
    <input type="text" name="yourTextField" onchange="filtery(this.value,this.form.yourSelect)">
    <select name="yourSelect">
      <option></option>
      <option value="Australia">Australia</option>
       .......
*/
function filtery(pattern, list){
  /*
  if the dropdown list passed in hasn't
  already been backed up, we'll do that now
  */
  if (!list.bak){
    /*
    We're going to attach an array to the select object
    where we'll keep a backup of the original dropdown list
    */
    list.bak = new Array();
    for (n=0;n<list.length;n++){
      list.bak[list.bak.length] = new Array(list[n].value, list[n].text);
    }
  }
  /*
  We're going to iterate through the backed up dropdown
  list. If an item matches, it is added to the list of
  matches. If not, then it is added to the list of non matches.
  */
  match = new Array();
  nomatch = new Array();
  for (n=0;n<list.bak.length;n++){
    if(list.bak[n][1].toLowerCase().indexOf(pattern.toLowerCase())!=-1){
      match[match.length] = new Array(list.bak[n][0], list.bak[n][1]);
    }else{
      nomatch[nomatch.length] = new Array(list.bak[n][0], list.bak[n][1]);
    }
  }
  /*
  Now we completely rewrite the dropdown list.
  First we write in the matches, then we write
  in the non matches
  */
  for (n=0;n<match.length;n++){
    list[n].value = match[n][0];
    list[n].text = match[n][1];
  }
  for (n=0;n<nomatch.length;n++){
    list[n+match.length].value = nomatch[n][0];
    list[n+match.length].text = nomatch[n][1];
  }
  /*
  Finally, we make the 1st item selected - this
  makes sure that the matching options are
  immediately apparent
  */
  list.selectedIndex=0;
}
// -->
</script>
<form name="yourForm">
  Search <input type="text" name="yourTextField" onkeyup="filtery(this.value,this.form.yourSelect)" onchange="filtery(this.value,this.form.yourSelect)">
  <select name="yourSelect">
    <option></option>
    <option value="Australia">Australia</option>
    <option value="China">China</option>
    <option value="England">England</option>
    <option value="New Zealand">New Zealand</option>
  </select>
</form>
</body>
</html>

Discussion

How it Works

If the visitor does several searches, the dropdown list could get rather ugly from the constant shuffling. To combat this, we make

a copy of the dropdown list and use that as the master copy. We don't want to do this every time the list is filtered - just the

first time.

The first thing the function does is check whether a master copy exists. If one does not, then it attaches and populates a master copy array to the form's select object

The function then creates two arrays: one for matches and one for non-matches. Now, as it iterates through the master copy, it appends items to either of the two arrays.

Once each item in the dropdown has been assessed, the matches and non-matches arrays are written back to the select object.

Finally, the function forces the first item in the list to be selected - this makes sure that the matching options are immediately apparent to the visitor

Allowing Advanced Search

If you're not fussed about supporting version three browsers, you can enhance the function by having it match by regular expression.

Simply add this near the top of the function:

pattern = new RegExp(pattern,"i");

... and replace...

if(list.bak[n][1].toLowerCase().indexOf(pattern.toLowerCase())!=-1){

... with...

if(pattern.test(list.bak[n][1])){

Your visitors will now be able to type:

• "^au" to get all items starting with au.
• "ia$" to get all items ending with ia.
• "9\d\d" to get all items containing numbers between 900 and 999.
• etc, etc.

For more information on regular expressions, see the developer.netscape site. There are also several articles on evolt regarding regular expressions.

Cross Browser Compatability

The following table lists the browsers and platforms on which I have tested this code.

Browser Compatability Table
Browser / Ver	Win NT	Win 98	Linux (SuSE 8)
Internet Explorer 5.5	Y	-	-
Internet Explorer 6.0	-	Y	-
Netscape 3.x	Y	-	-
Netscape 4.7x	Y	Y	-
Netscape 6.x	*	-	*
Mozilla 0.9.8	-	-	*
Mozilla 1.2.1	-	Y	-
Phoenix 0.5	-	Y	-
Opera 6.01	-	-	Y
Y : Tested and OK N : Tested and not OK - : Not tested *There seems to be a bug in Mozilla 0.9.8 and therefor, not surprisingly, Netscape 6.x. Making changes to the dropdown list in these browsers results in an inordinate amout of CPU usage. It works, but the browser may hang for a noticable amount of time, depending on the size of the list and the CPU speed of the PC. Mozilla 1.2.1 is fine, so I assume that Netscape 7 is also fine.